The age-old dream of the human caravan is not to send astronauts in their orbit in outer space.. it is to send its individuals - every single individual in his orbit of self-realization. It is high time that this dream be thus reinterpreted. It is also the sacred duty of every man and woman to help intelligently reorientate human endeavour towards the culmination of this pilgrimage.

Mahmoud Muhammad Taha - Answers to the questions of Mr. John Voll - 17.7.1963

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Foundations of Sudan's Constitution

Chapter Thirteen
The Economy


All branches of government require funding; therefore, discussing the constitution is incomplete without addressing the financial mechanisms that sustain the governmental apparatus. We do not view democracy merely as a political concept. Democracy cannot be realized without the foundation of three pillars: political equality, economic equality, and social equality.
In laying the foundations of the constitution, we have outlined the principles of political equality. For us, economic equality involves establishing both an upper and a lower limit for incomes, ensuring that the disparity between them does not create an upper class that looks down disdainfully upon a lower class. The lower limit must be sufficient to provide every citizen with a standard of living that upholds human dignity, guaranteed even for non-productive individuals such as the disabled and children.
We will work continuously to develop resources so that both the minimum and maximum limits of income rise to ensure a prosperous life for all. To achieve this, ownership of all economic resources will belong to the people - not to individuals or the state. By this, we mean both the sources and means of production, managed by executive bodies at all levels in cooperation with citizens. These bodies will also work to strengthen cooperative systems among the people in agriculture, industry, and trade, starting from the village to the city, district, state, and ultimately the central government.
The central government’s primary role will be to formulate general policies for expanding, strengthening, and financing economic resources, providing technical and administrative guidance, and overseeing equitable distribution. This will ensure that economic equality is realized among all citizens nationwide. We intend to dedicate a separate volume to the economic issue, complementing these constitutional foundations. We hope to publish this volume soon.