The age-old dream of the human caravan is not to send astronauts in their orbit in outer space.. it is to send its individuals - every single individual in his orbit of self-realization. It is high time that this dream be thus reinterpreted. It is also the sacred duty of every man and woman to help intelligently reorientate human endeavour towards the culmination of this pilgrimage.

Mahmoud Muhammad Taha - Answers to the questions of Mr. John Voll - 17.7.1963

menu search

The Second Message of Islam

The Righteous Society


No one can reach this high level of life except through two means: the first is the means of a righteous society, and the second is the educational methodology that supports the individual's efforts to fully liberate their natural talents from inherited fear.
A righteous society is one that is based on three forms of equality: economic equality, known in modern society as socialism, which means that people are partners in the wealth of the earth; political equality, known as democracy in modern society, which means that people are partners in holding the power that executes the demands of their daily lives; and social equality, which is, to some extent, a result of the previous two, with its clear manifestation being the elimination of class distinctions and the removal of differences based on color, belief, race, or gender (man or woman). There should be no discrimination between individuals based on any of these considerations. People are only distinguished by mind and morals. The standard for this is justice in dealing with people, offering advice, being sincere with fellow citizens in private and public, and a spirit of public service at all times and through all means.
Social equality aims to eliminate classes and bridge the gaps between cities and rural areas, and that is achieved by providing equal opportunities for education and urbanization, so that intermarriage between all individuals in society becomes a normal practice. This is the true measure of the extent of social equality.
A righteous society, after being based upon these three principles of equality, which the law ensures to organize and protect, also relies on a tolerant public opinion that does not narrow down different behavioral patterns among the diverse human models, as long as such behavior results in goodness and blessing for the society.
Public opinion issues judgments that come from behind the authority of the law. These judgments are not binding on anyone and cannot be enforced by power, but they may still be more effective than the law in deterring deviants and outcasts. Public opinion, of course, can pass judgment on any behavior it disagrees with, but violence should be avoided in making any changes to that behavior. Violence only leads to one of two outcomes: either violence from those who are capable of resisting or hypocrisy from those unable to do so, and neither of these is good. Moreover, in cases of necessity, the judgments of public opinion and the collective custom may enter the domain of the law through the proposal of legislation that addresses the gaps perceived by those who wish it. Of course, such legislation would not be unconstitutional, as the constitutionality of law is well known to us.