From all the foregoing, it is clear that the constitution we have outlined establishes a presidential system for our republic and a federal system for our state. This arrangement will facilitate the rapid and focused advancement of our country. In our current stage of development, a presidential system is the most suitable, providing decisive and efficient governance while ensuring safeguards for that governance to be deliberative, prudent, and democratic.
We view the presidential system as a transitional phase that prepares the people to practice a more democratic system: the parliamentary system, where power is more widely distributed than in the presidential system. In our view, the presidential system serves as a form of guardianship, yet it is the closest form of guardianship to democracy. In fact, it is entirely democratic.
The central federation, in addition to being an organization for our small society—Sudan - based on the same principles that could underpin the organization of our larger society - the world, as we advocated in the preamble to this constitution, is particularly suitable for our current needs. This is because it strikes a balance between the advantages of the desired national unity and the benefits of local autonomy. This ensures uniform legislation for critical matters requiring consistency across the entire state while allowing for localized legislation tailored to the distinct needs of different regions.
This approach is more likely to advance our underdeveloped regions - and all of them are underdeveloped - rapidly and effectively. Moreover, the federal union, by necessitating the distribution of powers between the central authority and the governments of the states, districts, cities, and villages, is more likely to prevent the tyranny of a centralized authority holding absolute power over all parts of the state. This arrangement places sovereignty in the hands of the people, which in itself is capable of uplifting citizens and correcting their perception of their abilities and self-worth. Without such a correction, the nation’s character will not emerge, nor will a strong and enlightened public opinion be formed.
This system, by placing local affairs in the hands of state, district, city, and village governments, encourages individuals to seek further education and take an active interest in public matters. It also improves the efficiency of administration and the precision of its operations. By reconciling the dual sentiments of unity and independence within the states, it replaces distrust with confidence, fostering rapid advancement, strengthening ties, and fortifying the union.
Some may argue that this constitution is unsuitable for our country's current state of underdevelopment and that dividing it into self-governing states might weaken it. However, it must be remembered that initially, we advocate for a strong central authority that grants the states only a limited degree of autonomy, sufficient for their capacity, without undermining central governance or threatening internal security. The states will then be guided to a point where they are capable of exercising full self-governance, always with the principle in mind that the fastest way to educate the people is to give them the opportunity to learn from their mistakes in addressing their problems and exercising their freedoms. Freedom can only be learned through practice and direct engagement.
It should also be noted that our country has always experienced decentralization, though it was based on tribal rather than democratic principles as we propose now. The establishment phase must be accompanied by the least possible degree of disorder, which may naturally occur in such situations. However, no leniency can be tolerated under any circumstances when it comes to public security across all parts of the country. As such, police forces will remain centralized for an extended period, particularly in some states, until they are capable of managing their own affairs without jeopardizing security during their transition.
Finally, these principles form the basis of the legal and technical drafting of the constitution we seek. At first glance, it may appear ambitious and broad, but this is not the case. It is a practical constitution that starts with our current reality, envisions the ultimate goals of the Sudanese people and humanity alike, and charts a deliberate path from beginning to end. it does not intend to let progress unfold haphazardly without deliberate planning and guidance; instead, it directs and accelerates progress. Life is too short to be spent on endeavors that lack precision and foresight in their planning and execution.
We present this constitution to our nation, hoping that Allah will grant us success in its implementation and realization. Indeed, to Allah belongs the ultimate path.